SEC Filing - Kiromic BioPharma, Inc.

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39619

Kiromic BioPharma, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		46-4762913
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)


7707 Fannin Street, Suite 140, Houston, TX		77054
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		Zip Code

(832) 968-4888

(Registrant’s telephone number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of Each Class	Trading symbol	Name of Exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share	KRBP	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large-accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large-accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


	Large Accelerated Filer ☐		Accelerated Filer ☐
	Non-accelerated Filer ☒		Smaller Reporting Company ☒
			Emerging Growth Company ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 12, 2023, there were 979,243 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (Unaudited)	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	38
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	38

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	41
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	43
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	44
Item 6.	Exhibits	44
Signatures		46

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Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Various statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking and involve risks and uncertainties. All statements that address activities, events or developments that we intend, expect or believe may occur in the future are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Such statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical or current facts. These statements include, among others, statements about:

●

our goals and strategies;

●

our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

●

our expected timing of human clinical trials and other related milestones;

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expected changes in our revenue, costs or expenditures;

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our ability to obtain financing in amounts sufficient to fund our operations and continue as a going concern and avoid seeking protection under Chapters 7 or 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code;

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difficulties or delays in the product development process, including the results of preclinical studies or clinical trials;

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difficulties or delays in the regulatory approval process;

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manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution of any of our products that may be successfully developed and approved for commercialization;

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growth of and competition trends in our industry;

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our expectations regarding demand for, and market acceptance of, our products;

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our expectations regarding our relationships with investors, institutional funding partners and other parties we collaborate with;

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fluctuations in general economic and business conditions in the markets in which we operate; including those fluctuations caused by COVID-19;

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our ability to raise capital when needed;

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relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry; and

●

the outcome of any pending or threatened litigation.

Forward-looking statements also include statements other than statements of current or historical fact, including, without limitation, all statements related to any expectations of revenues, expenses, cash flows, earnings or losses from operations, cash required to maintain current and planned operations, capital or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; any plans or expectations with respect to product research, development and commercialization, including regulatory approvals; any other statements of expectations, plans, intentions or beliefs; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. We often, although not always, identify forward-looking statements by using words or phrases such as “may," "could," "will," "should," "would," "expect," "plan," "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "predict," "potential," "project" or "continue".

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The following are some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed, anticipated or implied in our forward-looking statements:

●

the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, our customers’ businesses, the medical community and the global economy;

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the effectiveness and timeliness of our preclinical studies and clinical trials, and the usefulness of the data;

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our expectations regarding the timing and clinical development of our product candidates;

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our ability to achieve profitable operations and access to needed capital;

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fluctuations in our operating results;

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the success of current and future license and collaboration agreements

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our dependence on contract research organizations, vendors and investigators;

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effects of competition and other developments affecting development of products;

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market acceptance of our products;

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protection of intellectual property and avoiding intellectual property infringement;

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product liability; and

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other factors described in our filings with the SEC.

We cannot guarantee that the results and other expectations expressed, anticipated or implied in any forward-looking statement will be realized. The risks set forth under Item 1A and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q describe major risks to our business, and you should read and interpret any forward-looking statements together with these risks. A variety of factors, including these risks, could cause our actual results and other expectations to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed, anticipated or implied in our forward-looking statements. Should known or unknown risks materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those anticipated, estimated or projected in the forward-looking statements. You should bear this in mind as you consider any forward-looking statements.

Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the dates on which they are made. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements even if experience or future changes makes it clear that any projected results expressed or implied in such statements will not be realized, except as may be required by law.

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PART I —FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,054,300	$	645,200
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,462,400		1,043,700
Total current assets		3,516,700		1,688,900
Property and equipment, net		7,581,100		8,136,900
Operating lease right-of-use asset		1,985,800		2,117,300
Other assets		24,400		24,400
Total Assets	$	13,108,000	$	11,967,500

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit:
Current Liabilities:
Senior secured convertible promissory note, net	$	9,588,800	$	3,809,900
Accounts payable		8,151,800		7,308,100
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		554,300		881,600
Interest payable		573,500		142,100
Note payable		394,100		557,200
Operating lease liability - short term		597,200		584,400
Total current liabilities		19,859,700		13,283,300
Subordinated convertible promissory note		—		2,914,000
Operating lease liability - long term		1,388,600		1,544,900
Total Liabilities		21,248,300		17,742,200

Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ Deficit:
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value: 60,000,000 shares authorized, of which 24,000,000 shares designated as Series A-1 Preferred Stock and 16,500,000 shares designated as Series B Preferred Stock; no shares issued or outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		—		—
Common stock, $0.001 par value: 300,000,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 979,243 and 648,384 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022		979		648
Additional paid-in capital		99,106,521		96,172,152
Accumulated deficit		(107,247,800)		(101,947,500)
Total Stockholders’ Deficit		(8,140,300)		(5,774,700)

Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Deficit	$	13,108,000	$	11,967,500

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating expenses:
Research and development	$	2,075,000	$	2,925,800
General and administrative		2,702,400		4,439,200
Total operating expenses		4,777,400		7,365,000
Loss from operations		(4,777,400)		(7,365,000)
Other income (expense):
Interest expense		(444,000)		(2,800)
Debt issuance amortization		(78,900)		—
Total other income (expense)		(522,900)		(2,800)
Net loss	$	(5,300,300)	$	(7,367,800)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(6.17)	$	(14.39)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		872,818		518,081

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(Unaudited)



	Common Stock
	Number of			Additional		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Paid-In Capital		Deficit		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	648,384	$	648	$	96,172,152	$	(101,947,500)	$	(5,774,700)
Common stock discount amortization	—		—		85,000		—		85,000
Warrants underlying common stock issuance	—		—		(85,000)		—		(85,000)
Released restricted stock units	1,773		2		(2)		—		(0)
Conversion of subordinated convertible notes into shares of common stock	329,086		329		2,913,671		—		2,914,000
Stock compensation expense	—		—		20,700		—		20,700
Net loss	—		—		—		(5,300,300)		(5,300,300)
Balance at March 31, 2023	979,243	$	979	$	99,106,521	$	(107,247,800)	$	(8,140,300)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)



	Common Stock			Additional		Accumulated
	Shares	Amount		Paid-In Capital		Deficit		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021	516,284	$	516	$	94,535,784	$	(67,216,500)	$	27,319,800
Common stock discount amortization	—		—		85,100		—		85,100
Warrants underlying common stock issuance	—		—		(85,100)		—		(85,100)
Released restricted stock units	3,236		3		(3)		—		—
Stock compensation expense	—		—		80,100		—		80,100
Net loss	—		—		—		(7,367,800)		(7,367,800)
Balance at March 31, 2022	519,520	$	519	$	94,615,881	$	(74,584,300)	$	20,032,100

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Three months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(5,300,300)	$	(7,367,800)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used for operating activities:
Depreciation		555,800		182,800
Operating lease non-cash expense		131,500		150,400
Stock compensation expense		20,700		80,100
Amortization of debt issuance costs		78,900		—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		—		16,200
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(418,700)		91,500
Accounts payable		843,700		(882,800)
Interest payable		431,400		—
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		(327,300)		293,800
Deferred rent		—		5,500
Operating lease liability		(143,500)		(148,600)
Net cash used for operating activities		(4,127,800)		(7,578,900)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment		—		(2,483,100)
Net cash used for investing activities		—		(2,483,100)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from senior secured convertible note payable		6,000,000		—
Debt issuance costs		(300,000)		—
Repayments of note payable		(163,100)		(168,800)
Net cash provided by financing activities		5,536,900		(168,800)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		1,409,100		(10,230,800)
Cash and cash equivalents:
Beginning of year		645,200		25,353,900
End of period	$	2,054,300	$	15,123,100

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use asset/lease liability recognized from ASC842 implementation		—		2,232,700
Conversion of subordinated convertible promissory note into common stock	$	(2,914,000)	$	—
Accruals for property and equipment purchases	$	—	$	971,100
Cash paid for interest on note payable	$	12,700	$	2,800

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

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KIROMIC BIOPHARMA, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.	ORGANIZATION

Nature of Business

Kiromic BioPharma, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") is a clinical stage fully integrated biotherapeutics company formed under the Texas Business Organizations Code in December 2012.

The Company is an artificial intelligence-driven, end-to-end CAR-T cell therapy company, developing the first multi-indication allogeneic CAR-T cell therapy, that exploits the natural potency of Gamma Delta T-cells (“GDTs”) to target solid cancers. The Company maintains offices in Houston, Texas. The Company has not generated any revenues to date.

From a development standpoint, the Company utilizes innovative engineered and non-engineered GDT manufacturing technologies and is developing proprietary, virus-free gene editing tools, to develop novel therapies for solid tumors that we believe will be effective and cost-efficient. The Procel, Isocel, and Deltacel product platform candidates consist of allogeneic cell therapy candidates that are currently in the preclinical development stage. Our Procel product candidate consists of engineered GDTs targeting PD-L1. Our Isocel product candidate consists of engineered GDTs targeting Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive tumors (“Iso-Meso”). Our Deltacel product candidate consists of non-engineered GDTs that have been expanded, enriched, and activated ex-vivo through a proprietary process, and are used to treat solid tumors regardless of the specific tumor antigen expression.

We currently have three product candidates: 1) Deltacel: not-engineered gamma delta T cells, expanded and activated with proprietary technology; 2) Procel: gamma delta T cells engineered with a PD-1 switch receptor; 3) Isocel: gamma delta T cells engineered with an anti-Mesothelin isoform 2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor.

We have a total of five clinical programs to study our key product candidates:

Deltacel-01: this phase 1 clinical trial will evaluate Deltacel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Procel combination: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Procel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with PD-L1 positive solid malignancies.

Alexis-PRO-1: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Procel in patients with PD-L1 positive solid malignancies.

Isocel combination: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Isocel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive solid malignancies.

Alexis-ISO-1 this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Isocel in patients with Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive solid malignancies.

In June 2021, the FDA noted deficiencies in the chemistry, manufacturing, and control (CMC) sections of Alexis-PRO-1 and Alexis-ISO-1 IND applications, consequently placing them on clinical hold. The Company is currently working on addressing the FDA’s comments. On July 13, 2021, the Company received the FDA’s formal clinical hold letters, which asked the Company to address key components regarding the chemical, manufacturing, and control components of the IND applications. Those components included tracing of all reagents used in manufacturing, flow chart of manufacturing processes, and certificate of analysis. The Company is currently working on addressing the FDA’s comments.

Reverse Stock Split — On March 10, 2023, the Company’s board of directors approved a one-for-thirty reverse split of the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of common stock (“the Reverse Stock Split”). In addition, a proportionate adjustment will be made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all

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outstanding stock options, restricted stock units and warrants to purchase shares of common stock and the number of shares reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company’s equity incentive compensation plans. Any fraction of a share of common stock that would be created as a result of the Reverse Stock Split will be rounded up to the next whole share. Unless noted otherwise, all common shares and per share amounts contained in the consolidated financial statements have been retroactively adjusted for the Reverse Stock Split.

Going Concern— These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applicable to a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.

The Company has incurred significant losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and expects to incur additional losses until such time that it can generate significant revenue from the commercialization of its product candidates. The Company had negative cash flow from operations of $4,127,800 for the three months ended March 31, 2023, and an accumulated deficit of $107,247,800 as of March 31, 2023. To date, the Company has relied on equity and debt financing to fund its operations. The Company’s product candidates are still in the early stages of development, and substantial additional financing will be needed by the Company to fund its operations and ongoing research and development efforts prior to the commercialization, if any, of its product candidates. The Company does not have sufficient cash on hand or available liquidity to meet its obligations through the twelve months following the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. This condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

Given its projected operating requirements and its existing cash and cash equivalents, management’s plans include evaluating different strategies to obtain the required funding of future operations. These plans may include, but are not limited to, obtaining funding from current or new investors. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to secure financing, or if available, that it will be sufficient to meet its needs or on favorable terms. Therefore, the plans cannot be deemed probable of being implemented. As a result, the Company has concluded that management’s plans do not alleviate substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In the event the Company is unable to secure sufficient financing to allow it to meet its obligations as they become due, the Company may need to file a voluntary petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code in order to implement a restructuring plan or liquidation.

The condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

2.	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information (Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 270, Interim Reporting) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information necessary for a full presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with GAAP. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year as a whole. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the Company for the periods presented.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of operations for the period ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be expected for a full year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 contains financial information taken from the audited Company consolidated financial statements as of that date.

All intercompany balances were eliminated upon consolidation.

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Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include determination of the fair value of common stock and related stock-based compensation, warrants to purchase common stock underlying shares of Series B Preferred Stock and public offering common stock, and estimating services incurred by third-party service providers used to recognize research and development expense.

Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Uncertainties—Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash and cash equivalents. Substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in accounts at a small number of national financial institutions. Account balances may at times exceed federally-insured limits. The Company has not incurred losses related to these cash and cash equivalents deposited at financial institutions and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial strength of the depository institutions in which the cash is held.

The Company is subject to certain risks and uncertainties from changes in any of the following areas that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on future financial position or results of operations: the ability to obtain regulatory approval and market acceptance of, and reimbursement for, the Company’s product candidates; the performance of third-party clinical research organizations and manufacturers; protection of the intellectual property; litigation or claims against the Company based on intellectual property, patent, product, regulatory or other factors; the Company’s ability to attract and retain employees necessary to support commercial success; and changes in the industry or customer requirements including the emergence of competitive products with new capabilities.

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Income Taxes—The Company files federal and state income tax returns, utilizing the accrual basis of accounting. Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently due and deferred taxes. Certain transactions of the Company may be subject to accounting methods for income tax purposes, which differ from the accounting methods used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Accordingly, the net income or loss of the Company reported for income tax purposes may differ from the balances reported for those same items in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which such temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company records valuation allowances to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company records uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes, on the basis of a two-step process in which (1) the Company determines whether it is more-likely-than-not that the tax positions will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position and (2) for those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company recognizes the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits on the income tax expense line in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. No such interest or penalties were recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 or 2022.

Research and Development Expense—The Company expenses research and development costs as incurred. Research and development expenses include personnel and personnel-related costs, costs associated with the Company’s clinical development activities including costs of outside consultants and contractors, the submission and maintenance of regulatory filings, equipment and supplies used in developing products prior to market approval and an allocation of certain overhead costs such as facility and related expenses.

The Company accrues and expenses costs of services provided by contract research organizations in connection with preclinical studies and contract manufacturing organizations engaged to manufacture clinical trial material, costs of licensing technology, and costs of services provided by research organizations and service providers. Upfront payments and milestone payments made for the licensing of technology are expensed as research and development in the period in which they are incurred if the technology is not expected to have any alternative future uses other than the specific research and development project for which it was intended. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed rather than when the payment is made.

Stock-Based Compensation—The Company records stock compensation expense related to the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) and the 2021 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “2021 Plan”) in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. The Company measures and recognizes stock compensation expense for all stock-based awards, including stock options, based on estimated fair values recognized using cliff vesting or the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock options is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-valuation model (the “Black-Scholes model”). The calculation of stock-based compensation expense requires that the Company make assumptions and judgments about the variables used in the Black-Scholes model, including the fair value of the Company’s common stock, expected term, expected volatility of the underlying common stock, and risk-free interest rate. Forfeitures are accounted for when they occur.

The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes model and the assumptions used to value such stock options are determined as follows:

Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s stock options are expected to be outstanding. Due to limitations on the sale or transfer of the Company’s common stock under the lock-up agreements and market standoff components of the stock option agreements, the Company does not believe its historical exercise pattern is indicative of the pattern it will experience after restricted periods expire. The Company uses the Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 110, simplified method to calculate the expected term, which is the average of the contractual term and vesting period.

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Risk-Free Interest Rate. The Company bases the risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model on the implied yield available on US Treasury zero-coupon issues with a term equivalent to that of the expected term of the stock options for each stock option group.

Volatility. The Company determines the price volatility based on the historical volatilities of industry peers as it has limited trading history for its common stock price. The Company intends to continue to consistently apply this process using the same or a similar peer group of public companies, until a sufficient amount of historical information regarding the volatility of its own common stock price becomes available, or unless circumstances change such that the identified peer companies are no longer similar, in which case other suitable peer companies whose common stock prices are publicly available would be utilized in the calculation.

Dividend Yield. The expected dividend assumption is based on the Company’s current expectations about its anticipated dividend policy. To date, the Company has not declared any dividends and, therefore, the Company has used an expected dividend yield of zero.

Common Stock Valuations. We use our listed Nasdaq Capital Market closing price on the grant date to determine common stock valuation.

Segment Data—The Company manages its operations as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements—From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows upon adoption.

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326). The amendments in ASU 2016-13 affect entities holding financial assets and net investment in leases that are not accounted for at fair value through net income. The amendments affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require a financial asset (or a group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. On October 16, 2019, the FASB has changed the effective date of this standard applicable to the Company as an emerging growth company to January 1, 2023. The Company has evaluated the potential impact of this standard on its financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, and determined that it is immaterial to the financial statements as of March 31, 2023.

3.NET LOSS PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is determined by dividing net loss less deemed dividends by the weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. For all periods presented, the common shares underlying the stock options, RSUs and warrants have been excluded from the calculation because their effect would be anti-dilutive. Therefore, the weighted-average common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted loss per common shares are the same. The following table illustrates the computation of basic and diluted loss per share:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Net loss	$	(5,300,300)	$	(7,367,800)
Less: Initial Public Offering Common Stock discount amortization		(24,600)		(24,700)
Less: Public Offering Common Stock discount amortization		(60,400)		(60,400)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(5,385,300)	$	(7,452,900)
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted		872,818		518,081
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted	$	(6.17)	$	(14.39)

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For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were 633 and 0 restricted stock units that were potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computations of diluted weighted-average shares of common stock.

In addition, while not considered potentially dilutive securities under the treasury stock method, there were 18,414 vested and outstanding restricted stock units that had not been released to grantees as of March 31, 2023 which were not included in calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted. The Company plans to release these shares to the grantees before the end of the year. Since there is a possibility that any portion of those shares could be sold as part of the release, the shares will be released in compliance with the Company’s insider trading policy when there is an open trading window and grantees are not in possession of any material non-public information.

4.	PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment consisted of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	2023		2022
Equipment	$	3,041,900	$	3,041,900
Leasehold improvements		7,298,500		7,298,500
Office furniture, fixtures, and equipment		137,300		137,300
Software		359,500		359,500
		10,837,200		10,837,200
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,256,100)		(2,700,300)
Total	$	7,581,100	$	8,136,900

Depreciation expense was $555,800 and $182,800 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Depreciation expense is allocated between research and development and general and administrative operating expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

5.ACCRUED EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:


	2023		2022
Accrued compensation	$	491,300		668,700
Accrued consulting and outside services		63,000		212,900
Total	$	554,300	$	881,600

6.NOTE PAYABLE

In November 2022, the Company entered into a financing arrangement for its Director and Officer Insurance policy. The total amount financed was approximately $610,700 with an annual interest rate of 8.49%, to be paid over a period of eleven months. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the remaining payable balance on the financed amount was $394,100 and $557,200, respectively.

7.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

License Agreements—The Company has entered into a number of licensing arrangements for various intellectual property and licensed patent rights for technologies being developed for commercial sale. As part of these arrangements, the Company is subject to contingent milestone payments in accordance with agreed-upon development objectives, as well as future royalty payments on product sales of the underlying assets. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has not incurred any milestone or royalty liabilities related to these license agreements.

Legal Proceedings— On March 22, 2021, Jason Terrell (“Terrell”), a former consultant and former director of the Company, commenced an action against us in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, C.A. No. 2021-0248-MTZ (the “Action”). In the Action, Terrell seeks a declaratory judgment that the Company is obligated to issue him (i) options to purchase 16,667 shares of common stock at a price of $5.10 per share pursuant to an alleged 2014 consulting agreement, and (ii) options to purchase an additional 16,667 shares of common stock at a price of $5.10 per share pursuant to an alleged January 2017 non-employee director options agreement. In his complaint, Terrell also claimed

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that, pursuant to the operative certificate of incorporation, he is entitled to indemnification from us for attorneys’ fees and costs he incurs in connection with the Action because the Action arises in connection with his position as a former director.

The Company disputes Terrell’s claims and allegations in the Action and intends to vigorously defend against them. On May 21, 2021, the Company filed a motion to dismiss Terrell’s claims in the actions with prejudice, arguing that (i) Terrell’s options-related claims fail because his 2014 and January 2017 agreements were explicitly superseded by a later options agreement, under which Terrell relinquished his prior options; and (ii) Terrell is not entitled to indemnification because the Action relates to contracts between the Company and Terrell in his personal capacity, and not in connection with any activities or duties of Terrell in his official capacity as former director. In response to the motion, filed on June 21, 2021, Terrell withdrew his claim for indemnification, but opposed the portion seeking dismissal of his declaratory judgment claim. The motion was fully briefed with the filing of the Company’s reply brief on July 7, 2021.

Oral argument was held before the Vice Chancellor on October 20, 2021. During oral argument, the Vice Chancellor invited the parties to submit supplemental letter briefs on the question of whether the Court of Chancery even had the authority to adjudicate the Action in light of the delegation of authority in Terrell’s most recent stock option agreement with the Company (the “SOA”) to the Company’s Compensation Committee to resolve all disputes regarding the interpretation of the SOA. The parties submitted simultaneous supplemental letters briefs on this issue on November 15, 2021. On January 20, 2022, the Vice Chancellor issued her decision on our motion to dismiss, ruling that the Action is stayed until the Compensation Committee itself resolves whether it has sole authority to resolve the parties’ contract interpretation dispute.

Subsequently, the parties agreed upon a process for coordinating submissions and/or presentations to the Compensation Committee. The parties made their respective written submissions to the Compensation Committee on March 31, 2022, and on July 21, 2022, the Compensation Committee determined that (i) the Compensation Committee has sole authority under the SOA to resolve the parties’ contract interpretation dispute, and (ii) Terrell’s most recent options agreement superseded and nullified any option rights Terrell may have had under his prior agreements. On August 2, 2022, the Vice Chancellor issued an order dismissing the Action for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

On August 23, 2022, Terrell filed a notice of appeal of the Vice Chancellor’s order of dismissal to the Delaware Supreme Court.

Oral argument on Terrell’s appeal was held before the Delaware Supreme Court on February 8, 2023. On May 4, 2023, the Delaware Supreme Court issued a written opinion (the “Opinion”) reversing the Vice Chancellor’s order of dismissal and remanding to Chancery Court for further proceedings consistent with the Opinion. In its Opinion, the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed several of the Chancery Court’s legal determinations on the motion to dismiss, but concluded that Chancery Court itself should independently review the Compensation Committee’s determinations under Delaware law.

The parties are awaiting guidance from the Chancery Court regarding further briefing and/or argument on our motion to dismiss.

In a separate matter, on or about August 17 and 23, 2021, Tony Tontat, who at the time was the Chief Financial Officer and a member of the Board, submitted substantially identical reports (the “Complaints”) through the Company’s complaint hotline. These Complaints, alleged, among other topics, risks associated with the Company’s public disclosures in securities filings and in statements made to the public, investors, and potential investors regarding (i) the anticipated timing of the FDA authorization of the IND applications and (ii) the anticipated timing of human clinical trials. These Complaints were subsequently submitted to the Audit Committee of the Board.

After receiving the Complaints, the Audit Committee recommended that the Board form, and the Board did in turn form, a Special Committee comprised of three independent directors (the “Special Committee”) to review the Complaints and other related issues (the “Internal Review”). The Special Committee retained an independent counsel to assist it in conducting the Internal Review.

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On February 2, 2022, following the conclusion of the Internal Review, the Company’s Special Committee reported the results of its Internal Review to the Board. The Board approved certain actions to address the fact that the Company had received communications from the FDA on June 16 and June 17, 2021 that the FDA was placing the IND applications that the Company submitted to the FDA on May 14 and May 17, 2021 for the ALEXIS-PRO-1 and ALEXIS-ISO-1 product candidates, respectively, on clinical hold (the “June 16 and 17 FDA Communications”). The Company did not disclose the June 16 and 17, 2021 FDA Communications in the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-257427) that was filed on June 25, 2021 and declared effective on June 29, 2021, nor the final prospectus contained therein dated June 29, 2021 (collectively, the “Registration Statement”). The Company then consummated a public offering of $40 million of its common stock pursuant to the Registration Statement on July 2, 2021. On July 13, 2021, the Company received the FDA’s formal clinical hold letters, which asked the Company to address key components regarding the chemical, manufacturing, and control components of the IND applications. On July 16, 2021, the Company issued a press release disclosing that it had received comments from the FDA on the two INDs, but did not use the term “clinical hold.” The Company did not disclose the clinical hold in its Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2021 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2021. On August 13, 2021, the Company issued a press release announcing that these INDs were placed on clinical hold.

As a result of the disclosure omission of the June 16 and 17 FDA Communications, on March 7, 2022, entities related to Sabby Management LLC (the “Sabby Entities”) and Empery Asset Management, LP (the “Empery Entities”) filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York asserting claims against the Company and certain current and former officers and directors of the Company for alleged violations of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the purchase of common stock through the Company’s public offering that closed on July 2, 2021. On July 1, 2022, the defendants filed motions to dismiss the complaint. In response, on July 22, 2022, the plaintiffs amended their complaint to, among other things, include the Company’s underwriters on the July 2, 2021 public offering, ThinkEquity LLC, as a defendant. The plaintiffs seek unspecified damages; rescission to the extent they still hold the Company’s securities, or if sold, rescissory damages; reasonable costs and expenses, including attorneys’ and experts’ fees; and other unspecified equitable and injunctive relief. The two parties reached a settlement agreement in principle on September 26, 2022, which the Company’s board of directors approved on September 27, 2022. The settlement contained a cash component of $75,000 payable to Sabby Entities and $75,000 to Empery Entities.

As part of the settlement, the Company also agreed to issue convertible notes (the “Settlement Notes”) in the aggregate principal amount of $1,656,720 to each of the Empery Entities and the Sabby Entities. The Settlement Notes are convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price per share of $9.20 and can be convertible into a maximum of 180,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to each of the Empery Entities and Sabby Entities, subject to the adjustment of the conversion price and a beneficial ownership limitation equivalent to 9.99%. The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted a motion jointly filed by the plaintiffs and defendants, pursuant to which the Settlement Notes will be unrestricted and exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the Conversion Shares, when issued upon conversion of the Settlement Notes in accordance with the terms set forth therein, will also be unrestricted and exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

There was also a related subordinated convertible promissory note totaling $2,914,000 on the balance sheet at December 31, 2022, which Empery held $1,502,700 and Sabby held $1,411,300. During the three months ended March 31,2023, Empery and Sabby converted the totality of their notes into shares of common stock of 163,268 and 153,333, respectively, at a share price of $9.20.

On August 5, 2022, Ronald H. Karp filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York covering the same subject matter as the Sabby Entities’ and Empery Entities’ claim discussed above asserting claims against the Company and certain current and former officers and directors for alleged violations of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the purchase of common stock through the Company’s public offering that closed on July 2, 2021 and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder in connection with the certain statements and acts made by the defendants between June 25, 2021 and August 13, 2021. The Company has evaluated the Karp class claims and has determined that it is not possible to estimate a potential range of loss at this time.

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On October 3, 2022, Joseph Podmore (“Podmore”) filed a class action complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York covering the same subject matter as the Sabby Entities’ and Empery Entities’ claim discussed above asserting claims against the Company and certain current and former officers and directors for alleged violations of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with the purchase of common stock through the Company’s public offering that closed on July 2, 2021 and Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder in connection with the certain statements and acts made by the defendants between June 25, 2021 and August 13, 2021. The Company has evaluated the Podmore class claims and has determined that it is not possible to estimate a potential range of loss at this time.

The Company regularly assesses all contingencies and believes, based on information presently known, the Company is not involved in any other matters that would have a material effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

8.LEASES

The Company adopted FASB ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) on January 1, 2022, using the modified retrospective method, in which it did not restate prior periods. Upon adoption, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within Topic 842 which, among other things, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification.

In our implementation of ASU No. 2016-02 the Company elected to discount lease obligations using our incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate represents the rate of interest that it would have to pay to borrow over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. The Company considers publicly available data for instruments with similar terms and characteristics when determining its incremental borrowing rates. In addition, we elected the practical expedient to account for the lease and non-lease components on a combined basis. The Company intends to use the full lease term under the existing lease agreement as the lease term, which is currently set to expire on April 30, 2026. As of March 31, 2023, the Company is not able to determine if any renewal options will be exercised.

The Company leases its premises in Houston, Texas under an operating lease which was renewed on November 19, 2020. This renewed lease agreement will commence under an operating lease agreement that is noncancelable from commencement until May 1, 2024.

On March 22, 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved a lease expansion within its premises in Houston, Texas. The amended lease agreement commenced on August 1, 2021 under an operating lease agreement that is noncancelable from commencement until May 1, 2024. The amended lease agreement adds approximately 15,385 square feet. The Company has the option to cancel the lease thereafter until the agreement expires on May 1, 2026. The termination date is effective after a 90-day notice of cancellation.

Two further amendments were executed in 2021. The agreements commenced on November 1, 2021, and December 1, 2021 under an operating lease agreement that is noncancelable from commencement until May 1, 2024. The amended lease agreement adds approximately 3,684 square feet. The Company has the option to cancel the lease thereafter until the agreement expires on May 1, 2026. The termination date is effective after a 90-day notice of cancellation.

An amendment to the lease agreement was executed in January 2022 and commenced May 1, 2022. The amendment will add approximately 9,352 square feet. The Company has the option to cancel the lease thereafter until the agreement expires on May 1, 2026. The termination date is effective after a 90-day notice of cancellation. In year one and two monthly rent is $4,800 per month, in year three and four monthly rent is $4,896 per month, and in year five monthly rent is $5,000 per month.

If the Company exercises the cancellation option, the Company must also pay the lessor a termination payment equal to three months of base rent.

The following table indicates the balance sheet line items that include the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for our operating lease:

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	March 31,		December 31,
	2023			2022
	Operating lease			Operating lease
Right-of-Use Asset
Operating lease	$	1,985,800	$	2,117,300
Total right-of use asset	$	1,985,800	$	2,117,300

Lease Liabilities
Operating lease - short term	$	(597,200)	$	(584,400)
Operating lease - long term		(1,388,600)		(1,544,900)
Total lease liabilities	$	(1,985,800)	$	(2,129,300)

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the components of lease expense were as follows:


		Three Months Ended			Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2023				March 31, 2022
Operating lease cost allocated to research and development expense	$	89,500		$	82,300
Operating lease cost allocated to general and administrative expense		89,500			68,100
Total lease expense	$	179,000			150,400
Weighted-average remaining lease term		3.09			4.08
Weighted-average discount rate		7.12	%		7.12	%

As of March 31, 2023, the maturities of the Company’s operating lease liabilities were as follows:




Maturity of Lease Liabilities	Operating lease
2023 (remaining)	$	537,300
2024		717,600
2025		724,700
2026		242,800
Total lease payments		2,222,400
Less: imputed interest		(236,600)
Present value of lease payments		1,985,800

The Company maintained a month-to-month lease in Arlington, VA, until October 1, 2022, which was considered a short-term lease. The Company elected to exclude this lease from the determination of the right-of-use asset and lease liability, as permitted under ASC 842. The Company recognized the lease payments in profit or loss in the statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The monthly rent expense prior to termination of the lease was $2,500 per month. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, short-term lease expense was $7,500.

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9.STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company was authorized to issue 300,000,000 shares of common stock

Common Stock—As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company has a single class of common stock.

Representative’s Warrants—In connection with the IPO on October 15, 2020, the Company granted the underwriters warrants (the “Underwriters’ Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 2,083 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $450.00 per share, which is 125% of the initial public offering price. The Underwriters’ Warrants have a five-year term and were not exercisable prior to April 13, 2021. All of the Underwriters’ Warrants were outstanding and exercisable at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

In connection with the public offering on July 2, 2021, the Company granted the underwriters warrants to purchase an aggregate of 13,333 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $187.50 per share, which is 125% of the IPO price. The Underwriters’ Warrants have a five-year term. All of the Underwriters’ Warrants were outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used to estimate the fair value of the warrants with the following weighted-average assumptions on July 2, 2021:


Risk-free interest rate	0.40	%
Expected volatility	98.27	%
Expected life (years)	2.75
Expected dividend yield	0	%

Note Purchase Agreement—On January 20, 2023 (the “Issuance Date”), we entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Investor and pursuant to the Agreement issued a Note to the Investor. The Note has a principal amount of $2,000,000, bears interest at the Stated Rate and matures on January 20, 2024, on which the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest under the Note shall be due and payable. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company may sell and issue up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $6 million for all Notes issued pursuant to the Agreement to the Investor in two subsequent closings to occur on or before February 15, 2023 and March 15, 2023. We issued additional Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000,000 each on February 21, 2023 and March 28, 2023.

The Note is convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of $6.50 per share, subject to the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation and a share cap of 195,751 shares, representing 19.9% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of March 28, 2023, in the event that the Conversion Price is lower than $3.84 per share, representing the lower of the closing price immediately preceding the Issuance Date or the average closing price of the Common Stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Issuance Date.

10.STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2017 Stock Incentive Plan—Restricted Stock Units

In January 2017, the Board approved the adoption of the 2017 Plan. The 2017 Plan permitted the Company to grant up to 56,954 shares of the Company’s common stock awards, including incentive stock options; non-statutory stock options; and conditional share awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. All granted shares that are canceled, forfeited, or expired are returned to the 2017 Plan and are available for grant in conjunction with the issuance of new common stock awards. RSUs vest over a specified amount of time or when certain performance metrics are achieved by the Company.

In the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying RSUs was determined by the closing stock price listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the grant date.

The following table summarizes the activity for all RSUs outstanding under the 2017 Plan at:

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	2023			2022
		Weighted Average			Weighted Average
		Grant Date			Grant Date
		Fair Value			Fair Value
	Shares	Per Share		Shares	Per Share
Nonvested RSUs at beginning of year	650	$	259.50	17,028	$	374.40
Granted	—		—	—		—
Vested	(35)		252.60	(98)		261.30
Cancelled and forfeited	—		—	(11,142)		384.30
Nonvested RSUs at March 31	615	$	258.88	5,788	$	357.30

Total stock compensation expense recognized from stock-based compensation awards classified as restricted stock units were recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, as follows:


	Three Months Ended
	2023		2022
Research and development	$	—	$	12,000
General and administrative		—		(7,100)
Total	$	—	$	4,900

2017 Stock Incentive Plan— Stock Options

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used to estimate the fair value of stock options with the following weighted average assumptions for the three months ended March 31:


	2023
Risk-free interest rate	1.09	%
Expected volatility	83.34	%
Expected life (years)	6.22
Expected dividend yield	0	%

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the fair value of the common shares underlying the stock options was determined by the closing stock price listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the grant date.

The following table summarizes the activity for all stock options outstanding at March 31 under the 2017 Plan:


	2023			2022
		Weighted			Weighted
		Average			Average
		Exercise			Exercise
	Shares	Price		Shares	Price
Options outstanding at beginning of year	11,286	$	254.40	12,697	$	300.90
Granted	—		—	—		—
Exercised	—		—	—		—
Cancelled and forfeited	(5,185)		215.35	(1,401)		275.70
Balance at March 31	6,101	$	287.58	11,296	$	254.70
Options exercisable at March 31:	6,083	$	286.20	11,089	$	253.20

In addition, the weighted average remaining contractual life for the options is 4.68 years and 4.93 years as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The options have no intrinsic value as of March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022, respectively.

Total stock compensation expense recognized from stock-based compensation awards classified as stock options were recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 as follows:

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	Three Months Ended
	2023		2022
Research and development	$	—	$	49,000
General and administrative		—		8,000
Total	$	—	$	57,000

As of March 31, 2023, total unrecognized stock compensation expense is $13,900 related to unvested stock options to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 0.1 year.

2021 Stock Incentive Plan—Restricted Stock Units

The 2021 Plan permits the Company to grant equity awards for up to 1,217,292 shares of the Company’s common stock awards, including incentive stock options; non-statutory stock options; and conditional share awards to employees, directors, and consultants of the Company. All granted shares that are canceled, forfeited, or expired are returned to the 2021 Plan and are available for grant in conjunction with the issuance of new common stock awards. RSUs vest over a specified amount of time or when certain performance metrics are achieved by the Company.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023, the fair value of the shares of common stock underlying restricted stock units was determined by the closing stock price listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market on the grant date.

The following table summarizes the activity for all RSUs outstanding at March 31, 2023 and 2022 under the 2021 Plan:


	2023			2022
		Weighted Average			Weighted Average
		Grant Date			Grant Date
		Fair Value			Fair Value
	Shares	Per Share		Shares	Per Share
Nonvested RSUs at beginning of year	684	$	133.20	2,068	$	165.60
Granted	—		—	—		—
Vested	—		—	—		—
Cancelled and forfeited	(667)		126.60	(70)		126.60
Nonvested RSUs at March 31	17	$	126.60	1,998	$	167.10


	Three Months Ended
	2023		2022
Research and development	$	7,900	$	8,300
General and administrative		12,800		9,900
Total	$	20,700	$	18,200

2021 Stock Incentive Plan — Stock Options

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was used to estimate the fair value of stock options with the following weighted average assumptions for the three months ended March 31:


	2023
Risk-free interest rate	2.99	%
Expected volatility	119.55	%
Expected life (years)	5.1
Expected dividend yield	0	%

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The following table summarizes the activity for all stock options outstanding at March 31, 2023 under the 2021 Plan:


	2023
		Weighted
		Average
		Exercise
	Shares	Price
Options outstanding at beginning of year	21,420	$	12.90
Granted	—		—
Exercised	—		—
Cancelled and forfeited	(9,180)		—
Balance at March 31	12,240	$	12.90
Options exercisable at March 31:	12,240	$	12.90
Weighted average grant date fair value for options granted during the year:		$	—

In addition, the stock options had weighted average remaining contractual life of 5.18 years. There were no stock compensation expense during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

11.INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate from continuing operations was 0% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company recorded no income tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The provision for income taxes during the interim reporting periods is calculated by applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to “ordinary” income or loss for the reporting period. Each quarter, the estimate of the annual effective tax rate is updated, and if the estimated effective tax rate changes, a cumulative adjustment is made. There is a potential for volatility of the effective tax rate due to several factors, including changes in the mix of the pre-tax income and the jurisdictions to which it relates, changes in tax laws, business reorganizations and settlements with taxing authorities.

The income tax rates vary from the US federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to the full valuation allowance on the Company’s deferred tax assets. The Company has recorded the full valuation allowance based on an evaluation of both positive and negative evidence, including latest forecasts and cumulative losses in recent years. The Company has concluded that it was more likely than not that none of its deferred tax assets would be realized.

12.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Exchange Agreement

In April 2023, a holder of promissory notes of the Company (the “Holder”) exchanged an aggregate principal amount of $8 million of the Company’s 25% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (the “Exchange Notes”) for 8,000 shares of Series C Convertible Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series C Stock”). The $8 million Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes is the aggregate of four promissory notes that were issued in the previous months, for $2 million each, as discussed in Note 9 above.

Note Purchase Agreement

On April 25, 2023, Kiromic BioPharma, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a 25% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Note”) to an accredited investor. The Note has a principal amount of $2,000,000, bears interest at a rate of 25% per annum (the “Stated Rate”) and matures on April 25, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”), on which the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest under the Note shall be due and payable. The Stated Rate will increase to 27% per annum or the highest rate then allowed under applicable law (whichever is lower) upon occurrence of an event of default, including the failure by the Company to make payment of principal or interest due under the Note on the Maturity Date, and any commencement by the Company of a case under any applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our plans and financial condition. The following financial information is derived from our financial statements and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and notes thereto set forth elsewhere herein.

Our Business

Overview

Kiromic BioPharma, Inc. (together with its subsidiary, “we,” “us,” “our” or the “Company”) is an Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) driven, end-to-end allogeneic cell therapy company, currently developing multi-indication allogeneic T cell therapies that exploits the natural potency of Gamma Delta T cells (“GDTs”) to target solid tumors. Our end-to-end approach consists of target discovery and validation, product development, and current good manufacturing practices (“cGMP”), which we believe will allow us to leverage a new framework for the next generation of cell therapies. We also have new technologies in development that we believe will support our end-to-end approach.

From a development standpoint, we utilize innovative engineered and non-engineered GDT manufacturing technologies and are developing proprietary, virus-free gene editing tools, to develop novel therapies for solid tumors that we believe will be effective and cost-efficient. Our Procel, Isocel, and Deltacel product platform candidates consist of allogeneic cell therapy candidates that are currently in the preclinical development stage. Our Deltacel product candidate consists of non-engineered GDTs that have been expanded, enriched, and activated ex-vivo through a proprietary process, and will be used to treat solid tumors regardless of the specific tumor antigen expression. Our Procel product candidate consists of engineered GDTs and will be used to target PD-L1. Our Isocel product candidate consists of engineered GDTs and will be used to target Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive tumors (“Iso-Meso”).

We have a total of five clinical programs to study our key product candidates:

Deltacel-01: this phase 1 clinical trial will evaluate Deltacel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Procel combination: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Procel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with PD-L1 positive solid malignancies.

Alexis-PRO-1: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Procel in patients with PD-L1 positive solid malignancies.

Isocel combination: this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Isocel in combination with low-dose radiation for patients with Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive solid malignancies.

Alexis-ISO-1 this phase 1 clinical trial is expected to evaluate Isocel in patients with Mesothelin Isoform 2 positive solid malignancies.

Since the second half of 2022, we have been developing a novel, non-engineered GDT cell therapy based on a proprietary methodology of expanding and activating GDT cells from healthy donors. The product candidate, Deltacel, is intended to be used in combination with a low-dose radiation.

Accordingly, we have entered into a Sponsored Research Agreement (the “SRA”) with Principal Investigator James W. Welsh, M.D. of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, to facilitate the development of our Deltacel, Procel, and Isocel product candidates. We believe this SRA will generate sufficient in-vivo pre-clinical data to enhance our GDT product platform, supporting three new IND submissions: (1) Deltacel in combination with low-dose radiation (“IND #1”); (2) Procel in combination with a low-dose radiation (“IND #2”); and (3) Isocel in combination with a low-dose radiation (“IND #3”). The first IND to be submitted to the FDA will be IND#1, as explained in further detail below.

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The beginning of the clinical trial activation process will begin after the following two events: (1) the IND receives FDA authorization to begin the clinical trial (which would take place 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA raises concerns or questions regarding the proposed clinical trials and places the trial on a clinical hold within that 30-day time period); and (2) commencing the review and approval process by an independent institutional review board (“IRB”) or ethics committee at the selected clinical trial site(s).

IND #1 will evaluate Deltacel GDTs in combination with low-dose radiation. We submitted the IND for the Deltacel trial on March 31, 2023. On April 28, 2023, the FDA has authorized Deltacel-01 IND application. We expect to begin the activation of clinical trial process in Q2 2023. IND #2 combines a low-dose radiation and our genetically engineered product candidate targeting PD-L1, which is the target associated with the ALEXIS-PRO-1 clinical trial candidate on the Procel product candidate platform. IND #3 combines a low-dose radiation and our genetically engineered product candidate targeting Iso-Meso, the target associated with the ALEXIS-ISO-1 clinical trial candidate on the Isocel product candidate platform. Since the Company has aligned its operations with the Deltacel product candidate and IND #1, we are planning to submit INDs for IND #2 and IND #3 when we obtain sufficient financing to support the progression of the development of those additional clinical trial candidates.

Recent Developments

Settlement Update

On October 10, 2022, we and certain current and former officers and directors (together with us, the “Defendants”) entered into a Stipulation of Settlement and Mutual Release (the “Initial Settlement Agreements”) with the Empery Entities and with the Sabby Entities (collectively, the “Plaintiffs”), respectively, in connection with a case filed by the Plaintiffs against the Defendants for alleged violations of Sections 11, 12, and 15 of the Securities Act in connection with the purchase of Company’s common stock through the Company’s public offering that closed on July 2, 2021. Pursuant to the Initial Settlement Agreements, the Plaintiffs and the Defendants agreed to dismiss the case with prejudice against all Defendants (including ThinkEquity, LLC) with no admission of liability. As part of the Settlement, the Company agreed to (a) make a $75,000 cash payment to each of the Empery Entities and Sabby Entities and (b) issue the Settlement Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1,656,720 to each of the Empery Entities and Sabby Entities. The Settlement Notes are convertible into shares of the Company’s common stock (the “Conversion Shares”) at an initial conversion price per share of $9.20 (the “Conversion Price”), subject to a beneficial ownership limitation equivalent to 9.99% (“Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

On November 2, 2022, the Court granted a joint motion, pursuant to which the Settlement Notes will be unrestricted and exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and the Conversion Shares, when issued upon conversion of the Settlement Notes in accordance with the terms set forth therein, will also be unrestricted and exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act.

All the subordinated convertible promissory note totaling $2,914,000 on the balance sheet at December 31, 2022 held by Empery and Sabby for $1,502,700 and $1,411,300, respectively, were converted into shares of common stock of 163,268 and 153,333, respectively, at a share price of $9.20 during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Going Concern and Liquidity

We do not have sufficient cash on hand and available liquidity to meet our obligations through the twelve months following the date the condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. Therefore, this condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans were updated to evaluate different strategies to obtain the required funding of future operations. These plans may include, but are not limited to, additional funding from current or new investors; however, if we are unable to raise additional funding to meet working

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capital needs, we will be forced to delay or reduce the scope of our research programs and/or limit or cease operations. The negative cash flows and lack of financial resources raised substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern, and that substantial doubt has not been alleviated. Therefore, this condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. See Note 1 to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, “Going Concern” for further details.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents were $2,054,300 as of March 31, 2023. The Company is currently in discussions with financing sources in an attempt to secure short-term financing to continue operations and fund other liquidity needs through the end of the year. The Company has begun working with a financial advisor to assist it with its efforts to obtain financing. In the absence of such financing, management anticipates that existing cash resources will not be sufficient to meet operating and liquidity needs beyond Mid-May 2023. However, management is currently evaluating various cost reduction actions, including additional reductions in the Company’s workforce and delay of research and development expenditures on one or more product candidates, in order to reduce the Company’s current expenditures and preserve cash. We are not able to predict whether any such cost reduction actions will be successful.

As a result of the pending securities litigation and the Company’s current liquidity position, management can provide no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain financing on acceptable terms, if at all. If financing is available, it may not be on favorable terms and may have a significant dilutive effect on our existing stockholders. In the event we are unable to secure financing sufficient to allow us to meet our obligations as they become due, we may need to file a voluntary petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code in order to implement a restructuring plan or liquidation. See Part II, Item 1A. “Risk Factors” for further details.

Financing Update

On October 13, 2022, we entered into a Standby Equity Purchase Agreement (the “SEPA”) with YA II PN, Ltd. (the “Investor”). Pursuant to the SEPA, we shall have the right, but not the obligation, to sell to the Investor up to $5,000,000 (the “Commitment Amount”) of our shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”), subject to increase by an additional $3,000,000 of Common Stock at our election (the “Commitment Increase”), at our request any time during the commitment period commencing on October 13, 2022 and terminating on the earliest of (i) the first day of the month following the 24-month anniversary of the SEPA and (ii) the date on which the Investor shall have made payment of any advances requested pursuant to the SEPA for shares of the Common Stock equal to the Commitment Amount. Each sale that we request under the SEPA (an “Advance”) may be for the greater of (i) an amount of shares of Common Stock equal to the average of the daily traded amount of the Common Stock during the five trading days immediately preceding the notice of an Advance or (ii) $1,000,000. The shares would be purchased at 95.0% of the Market Price (as defined below) and would be subject to certain limitations, including that the Investor could not purchase any shares that would result in it owning more than 9.99% of the outstanding Common Stock after such purchase (the "Ownership Limitation").

Pursuant to the SEPA, we also paid YA Global II SPV, LLC, a subsidiary of the Investor, a structuring fee in the amount of $10,000 and issued to the Investor 20,111 shares of Common Stock as a commitment fee on October 13, 2022 (the “Commitment Shares”). In the event of the Commitment Increase, we will issue to the Investor an additional number of shares of Common Stock determined by dividing $120,000 by the average of the daily VWAPs for the five trading days prior to the date of delivery by our written notice of the Commitment Increase.

On October 21, 2022, we issued a 25% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Note”) to an accredited investor (the “Investor”). The Note has a principal amount of $2,000,000, bears interest at a rate of 25% per annum (the “Stated Rate”) and matures on October 21, 2023 (the “Maturity Date”), on which the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest under the Note shall be due and payable. Subsequently, on December 12, 2022, the Note was amended to increase the principal amount to $4,000,000, and maturity date was amended to December 12, 2023.

The Note is convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of our Common Stock, at an initial conversion price of $10.50 per share (the “Conversion Price”), subject to a beneficial ownership limitation equivalent to 9.99% (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”).

The unpaid principal of and interest on the Note constitute our unsubordinated obligations and are senior and preferred in right of payment to all our subordinated indebtedness and equity securities outstanding as of the Issuance Date;

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provided, however, that we may incur or guarantee additional indebtedness after the Issuance Date, whether such indebtedness are senior, pari passu or junior to the obligations under the Note, which are secured by all of our right, title and interest, in and to, (i) all fixtures (as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code, the “UCC”) and equipment (as defined in the UCC), and (ii) all of our intellectual property as specified in the Note, subject to certain exclusions as described in the Note.

On January 20, 2023 (the “Issuance Date”), we entered into a note purchase agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Investor and pursuant to the Agreement issued a Note to the Investor. The Note has a principal amount of $2,000,000, bears interest at the Stated Rate and matures on January 20, 2024, on which the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest under the Note shall be due and payable. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company may sell and issue up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of $6 million for all Notes issued pursuant to the Agreement to the Investor in two subsequent closings to occur on or before February 15, 2023 and March 15, 2023.

The Note is convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of $0.35 per share (the “Conversion Price”), subject to a beneficial ownership limitation equivalent to 9.99% (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”) and a share cap of 4,080,435 shares (the “Share Cap”), representing 19.9% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of January 20, 2023, in the event that the Conversion Price is lower than $0.2074 per share, representing the lower of the closing price immediately preceding the Issuance Date or the average closing price of the Common Stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Issuance Date.

We issued additional Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $4,000,000 on February 21, 2023 and March 28, 2023. In addition, on March 28, 2023, we entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with the Investor pursuant to which the Holder agreed to exchange aggregate principal amount of $8 million of the Notes for 8,000 shares of Series C Convertible Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series C Stock”). The Series C Stock accrues dividends at an annual rate of 25% and if not declared and paid in cash would be added to the liquidation preference of the Series C Stock. Holders of the Series C Stock are entitled to vote together with the Common Stock. The Series C Stock is convertible into Common Stock at $6.50 per share.

On March 28, 2023, the Company entered into an Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Agreement”) with the holder of promissory notes of the Company (the “Holder”) pursuant to which the Holder agreed to exchange aggregate principal amount of $8 million of the Company’s 25% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Notes (the “Exchange Notes”) for 8,000 shares of Series C Convertible Voting Preferred Stock (the “Series C Stock”).

In addition, on March 28, 2023, the Company pursuant to the previously disclosed note purchase agreement dated January 20, 2023 (the “Agreement”) issued a 25% Senior Secured Convertible Promissory Note (the “Note”) to the Holder. The Note has a principal amount of $2,000,000, bears interest at a rate of 25% per annum (the “Stated Rate”) and matures on March 28, 2024 (the “Maturity Date”), on which the principal balance and accrued but unpaid interest under the Note shall be due and payable. The Stated Rate will increase to 27% per annum or the highest rate then allowed under applicable law (whichever is lower) upon occurrence of an event of default, including the failure by the Company to make payment of principal or interest due under the Note on the Maturity Date, and any commencement by the Company of a case under any applicable bankruptcy or insolvency laws.

The Note is convertible into shares (the “Conversion Shares”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”), at an initial conversion price of $6.50 per share (the “Conversion Price”), subject to a beneficial ownership limitation equivalent to 9.99% (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”) and a share cap of 195,751 shares (the “Share Cap”), representing 19.9% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock as of March 28, 2023, in the event that the Conversion Price is lower than $3.84 per share, representing the lower of the closing price immediately preceding the Issuance Date or the average closing price of the Common Stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the Issuance Date.

The unpaid principal of and interest on the Note constitute unsubordinated obligations of the Company and are senior and preferred in right of payment to all subordinated indebtedness and equity securities of the Company outstanding as of the Issuance Date; provided, however, that the Company may incur or guarantee additional indebtedness after the Issuance Date, whether such indebtedness are senior, pari passu or junior to the obligations under the Note, which are

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secured by all of the Company’s right, title and interest, in and to, (i) all fixtures (as defined in the Uniform Commercial Code, the “UCC”) and equipment (as defined in the UCC), and (ii) all of the Company’s intellectual property as specified in the Note, subject to certain exclusions as described in the Note.

NASDAQ Letter

On March 14, 2023, the Company received written notice (the “Notice”) from The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) stating that the Company did not maintain a minimum bid price of at least $1.00 for a minimum of ten (10) consecutive business days before the end of the Nasdaq grace period and, therefore, did not regain compliance with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) by March 13, 2023, as required.

As a result of the foregoing, the Staff informed the Company that its common stock would be subject to delisting from The Nasdaq Capital Market, unless the Company timely requested a hearing before the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”). Accordingly, the Company timely requested and attended a hearing before the Panel, at which the Company presented its plan to evidence compliance with the minimum bid price requirement as well as its plan to comply with Nasdaq’s $2,500,000 minimum stockholders’ equity requirement for continued listing as set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).

On March 28, 2023, the Company was notified by Nasdaq that compliance with the bid price deficiency has been cured and now the Company complies with Listing Rule 5550(a)(2). However, the Company remains out of compliance with respect to the stockholders’ equity requirement set forth in Listing Rule 5550(b)(1).

As previously disclosed, on April 20, 2023, the Company presented its plan to comply with the minimum stockholders’ equity requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market (the “Stockholders’ Equity Requirement”) to the Nasdaq Hearings Panel. On May 11, 2023, the Nasdaq Hearings Panel granted the Company’s request to provide an extension until September 11, 2023 for the Company to comply with the Stockholders’ Equity Requirement.

Clinical Update

IND #1 will evaluate Deltacel GDTs in combination with low-dose radiation. We submitted the IND for the Deltacel trial on March 31, 2023 and on May 1, 2023, we announced that the FDA has authorized our IND. We expect to begin the activation of clinical trial process in Q2 2023. IND #2 combines a low-dose radiation and our genetically engineered product candidate targeting PD-L1, which is the target associated with the ALEXIS-PRO-1 clinical trial candidate on the Procel product candidate platform. IND #3 combines a low-dose radiation and our genetically engineered product candidate targeting Iso-Meso, the target associated with the ALEXIS-ISO-1 clinical trial candidate on the Isocel product candidate platform. Since the Company has aligned its operations with the Deltacel product candidate and IND #1, we are planning to submit INDs for IND #2 and IND #3 when we obtain sufficient financing to support the progression of the development of those additional clinical trial candidates.

We have not generated any revenue from sales to date, and we continue to incur significant research and development and other expenses related to our ongoing operations. As a result, we are not and have never been profitable and have incurred losses in each period since we began principal business operations in 2012. As discussed in more detail below, the Company is currently in discussions with financing sources in an attempt to secure short-term financing to continue operations and fund other liquidity needs through the end of the year. In the absence of such financing, management anticipates that existing cash resources will not be sufficient to meet operating and liquidity needs beyond mid-June 2023.In the same press release, we announced our revised clinical timeline, which is superseded by this report. Our expectations on timing changed based on the nature and amount of financing we have been able to secure, and any cost reduction actions the Company has taken in order to reduce the Company’s expenditures and preserve cash.

Results from our Internal Review

On or about August 17 and 23, 2021, Tony Tontat, who at the time was the Chief Financial Officer and a member of the Board of Directors (“the Board”), submitted substantially identical reports (the “Complaints”) through our complaint hotline. These Complaints, alleged, among other topics, risks associated with our public disclosures in our securities filings and in statements made to the public, investors, and potential investors regarding (i) the anticipated timing of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (“FDA”) authorization of our investigational new drug (“IND”) applications and

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(ii) the anticipated timing of human clinical trials. These Complaints were subsequently submitted to the Audit Committee of the Board.

On February 2, 2022, following the conclusion of the Internal Review, the Special Committee reported the results of its Internal Review to the Board. The Board approved certain actions to address the fact that we had received communications from the FDA on June 16 and June 17, 2021 that the FDA was placing our IND applications that we submitted to the FDA on May 14 and May 17, 2021 for the ALEXIS-PRO-1 and ALEXIS-ISO-1 product candidates, respectively, on clinical hold (the “June 16 and 17, 2021 FDA Communications”). On July 13, 2021, we received the FDA’s formal clinical hold letters, which asked us to address key components regarding the chemical, manufacturing, and control components of the IND applications. On July 16, 2021, we issued a press release disclosing that it had received comments from the FDA on our two INDs, but did not use the term “clinical hold.” On August 13, 2021, we issued a press release announcing that these INDs were placed on clinical hold. We did not disclose the June 16 and 17, 2021 FDA Communications in (i) our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (Registration No. 333-257427) that was filed on June 25, 2021 and declared effective on June 29, 2021, nor the final prospectus contained therein dated June 29, 2021 (collectively, the “Registration Statement”); or (ii) our Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2021 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 13, 2021. We consummated a public offering of $40 million of our common stock pursuant to the Registration Statement on July 2, 2021.

In the course of the Internal Review, the Special Committee also identified that Mr. Tontat submitted incorrect information regarding his educational background to us. Specifically, although Mr. Tontat represented to us that he held a BA in Economics from Harvard University, it was determined that he had actually received an ALB, a degree conferred by the Harvard Extension School. We have implemented changes to our vetting process for prospective director and officer candidates including the implementation of thorough background checks to verify background information provided by such candidates.

Upon completion of the Internal Review, we voluntarily contacted the SEC to report certain information about the Internal Review. Since that time, we have been voluntarily cooperating with requests for information from the SEC and intend to fully cooperate with any further requests from the SEC.

In November 2022, we received a Grand Jury Subpoena (the “Subpoena”) from the U.S. Department of Justice requesting certain information from the company in connection with an ongoing investigation being conducted by the Federal Grand Jury in the Southern District of Texas. The Company is not a target of this investigation at this time.

Remediation Actions resulting from the Internal Review

The Board approved the inclusion of certain Risk Factors for inclusion in its periodic reports. See Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors for further information. Such risk factors have been included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

On January 10, 2022, the Board approved the formation of a Disclosure Committee comprised of certain members of the management including (i) its Chief Executive Officer; (ii) the executive in charge of overseeing submissions of any nature to the FDA; (iii) its Chief Financial Officer, if any; (iv) its General Counsel, if any; (v) its Controller, if any; (vi) any other finance executive overseeing financial disclosures; (vii) the executive in charge of investor relations, if any; and (viii) such other employees as the Chief Financial Officer, who serves as chairman of the Disclosure Committee, may invite from time to time. The Disclosure Committee shall be responsible for preparing and reviewing all corporate disclosures made by us to our security holders, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or the broader investment community to ensure that such disclosures (i) shall be accurate and complete; (ii) shall fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows; and (iii) shall be made on a timely basis in accordance with all applicable requirements of (A) the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, (B) the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (C) the Nasdaq Stock Market or such other stock exchange on which the our securities may be

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traded and (D) any other applicable laws or legal requirements. The Board adopted and approved the Disclosure Committee Charter.

The Board terminated Maurizio Chiriva-Internati as Chief Executive Officer for cause on January 27, 2022, after the Special Committee’s Internal Review found evidence of conduct that the Board believed was inconsistent with the company policies. Under the terms of the Executive Employment Agreement between Dr. Chiriva and the Company effective as of July 1, 2020, as amended October 21, 2021, as the result of the termination of his employment, Dr. Chiriva also is deemed to have resigned as a Director on the Board effective as of January 27, 2022.

The Board named Pietro Bersani as Interim Chief Executive Officer, effective as of January 27, 2022. Mr. Bersani has resigned from all Committees of the Board. Subsequently on May 10, 2022, Mr. Bersani was named Chief Executive Officer.

The Board named independent Director Michael Nagel as Chairperson of the Board, effective as of January 27, 2022.

The Board approved the appointment of Frank Tirelli as a member of the Board to fill a vacancy, effective as of January 28, 2022. The Board has determined that Mr. Tirelli is “independent” as that term is defined under Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605(a)(2). Mr. Tirelli has been named Chairperson of the Audit Committee effective January 28, 2022. He was also nominated and appointed as a member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee effective March 1, 2022. Mr. Tirelli was nominated by our Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of the Board after a thorough review of all his background, relevant experience, and professional and personal reputations.